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In
his writings Hazrat Mirza has clearly distinguished
between the religious meaning of the word nabi and
its linguistic meaning as given in lexicons (and
similarly for the word rasul). A man to whom the
word nabi only applies in its linguistic sense is
not a prophet in Islamic terminology. Hazrat Mirza writes
as follows on the question of whether his followers
should believe him to be a nabi and rasul:
1. "Risalat
in the Arabic language is applied to 'being sent',
and nubuwwat is to expound hidden truths and
matters upon receiving knowledge from God. So,
bearing in mind a significance of this extent, it is
not blame-worthy to believe in the heart in
accordance with this meaning. However, in the
terminology of Islam, nabi and rasul
mean those who bring an entirely new shariah, or
those who abrogate some aspects of the previous
shariah, or those who are not called followers of a
previous prophet, having a direct connection with God
without benefit from a prophet. Therefore, one should
be vigilant to see that the same meaning is not taken
here" (Al-Hakam, 17 August 1899,
page 6)
2. "It is obvious
that he who is sent by God is His envoy, and an envoy
is called rasul in Arabic. And he who
discloses news of the unseen received from God is
called nabi in Arabic. The meanings in Islamic
terminology are different. At this place, only the
linguistic meaning is intended." (Arba'in,
No. 2, September 1900, footnote, p. 18)
He also writes:
1. "A sign of the
coming Promised Messiah, which is written, is that he
shall be a prophet (nabi) of God, meaning one
who receives revelation from God. However, full and
complete prophethood is not meant here because that
has been sealed. Rather, that prophethood is meant
which is limited to the significance of muhaddasiyya,
which obtains light from the lamp of the prophethood
of Muhammad." (Izala Auham,
September 1891, p. 701)
2. "Be it known
to all the Muslims that all such words as occur in my
writings Fath Islam, Tauzih Maram and Izala
Auham, to the effect that the muhaddas is
in one sense a prophet, or that being a muhaddas
is partial prophethood or imperfect prophethood, are
not to be taken in their real sense, but have been
used according to their root meaning in a
straight-forward way; otherwise, I lay no claim
whatever to actual prophethood. On the other hand, as
I have written in my book Izala Auham, page
137, my belief is that our leader and master Muhammad
mustafa --- may peace and the blessings of God
be upon him --- is the last of the Prophets.
"So I wish to
make it clear to all Muslim brothers that, if they
are displeased with these words and if these words
give injury to their feelings, they may regard all
such words as amended, and instead consider me to
have used the word muhaddas. For I do not like
to create dissension and discord among the Muslims.
"From the
beginning, as God knows best, my intention has never
been to use this word nabi as meaning actually
a prophet, but only as signifying muhaddas,
which the Holy Prophet has explained as meaning one
who is spoken to by God. Of the muhaddas
it is stated in a saying of the Holy Prophet: 'Among
the Israelites who were before you, there used to be
men who were spoken to by God, though they were not
prophets, and if there is one among my followers, it
is Umar.'
"Therefore, I
have not the least hesitation in stating my meaning
in another form for the conciliation of my Muslim
brethren, and that other form is that in every place
instead of the word nabi the word muhaddas
should be understood, and the word nabi should
be regarded as having been deleted." (Majmu'a
Ishtiharat, vol. i, p. 313, announcement
dated 3 February 1892, issued in Lahore.)
It is clear from these
references that whenever the word nabi is used
about someone purely in its linguistic sense of 'one who
receives revelation from God' then that person is a saint
or muhaddas.
3. In a letter dated 23
May 1908, written to a Muslim newspaper of Lahore, which
was published in that newspaper three days later, on the
very day of his death, Hazrat Mirza wrote:
"The only reason
that I am known as nabi is that in the Arabic
and Hebrew languages the word nabi means one
who makes prophecies abundantly upon receiving
revelation from God."
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