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The
sense in which the Messiah-to-come has been called nabi
in the Hadith prophecies is the same sense as discussed
in the last Note. Hazrat Mirza has written a great deal
about this:
1. "It is
conclusively stated about the previous Messiah that
he was a prophet. But the coming Messiah has been
called a 'follower' [of the Holy Prophet Muhammad],
as is obvious from the hadith: 'He shall be your
imam from among yourselves'. And in the hadith 'The
ulama of my Umma are like the Israelite prophets',
the news is implicitly given regarding the like of
the Messiah. Therefore, according to this, the coming
Messiah, due to being a muhaddas, is also
metaphorically a prophet." (Izala Auham,
September 1891, p. 349)
2. "It is true,
of course, that the coming Messiah has been described
as 'prophet' (nabi). But he has also been
described as a 'follower' [of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad], and in fact the news has been given: O you
followers, he shall be from among you, and shall be
your imam. ...
"Now it is
clearly obvious from all these references that he
shall not possess the attribute of complete
prophethood in the actual and real manner. However,
imperfect prophethood will be found in him, which in
other words is called muhaddasiyya, and has
within it one of the qualities of complete
prophethood. So the fact that he has been called follower
and also prophet shows that the qualities of
both being a follower and of prophethood will be
found in him, just as it is necessary for both these
qualities to be found in a muhaddas."
(ibid., pp. 532-533)
3. "God has
promised that no rasul shall be sent after the
Holy Prophet Muhammad, and the students of Hadith
have surely made an extremely grave error in
believing, by just seeing the word 'Jesus' or 'son of
Mary', that the very same son of Mary, who was a rasul
of God, shall descend from heaven. It did not occur
to them that his coming is tantamount to the
departure of the religion of Islam from this world.
... In Sahih Muslim there is a hadith about
this, namely, that the Messiah shall come as a nabi
of God. Now if, in a symbolic sense, by 'Messiah' or
'son of Mary' is meant a member of the Umma who holds
the rank of muhaddas, then no difficulty
arises. For, a muhaddas is a prophet in one
sense, but he is a prophet who obtains light from the
lamp of the prophethood of Muhammad, and receives
knowledge not directly on his own account, but
through the agency of his Prophet." (ibid., p.
586)
So Hazrat Mirza's belief
was that the sense in which the Messiah-to-come has been
called nabi in Sahih Muslim is as meaning muhaddas,
not as meaning a real prophet. He further wrote:
4. "The epithet
'prophet of God' for the Promised Messiah, which is
to be found in Sahih Muslim etc. from the
blessed tongue of the Holy Prophet, is meant in the
same metaphorical sense as that in which it occurs in
Sufi literature as an accepted and common term for
[the recipient of] Divine communication. Otherwise,
how can there be a prophet after the Khatam
al-anbiya?" (Anjam Atham,
January 1897, footnote, p. 28)
5. "And it should
also be remembered that in Sahih Muslim the
word nabi has occurred with reference to the
Promised Messiah, that is to say, by way of
metaphor." (Ayyam as-Sulh, August
1898, p. 75)
6. "These words
are by way of metaphor, just as in Hadith also the
word nabi has been used for the Promised
Messiah. ... And he who discloses news of the unseen
received from God, is called nabi in Arabic.
The meanings in Islamic terminology are different.
Here only the linguistic [root] meaning is
intended." (Arba'in No. 2, September
1900, p. 18, footnote)
7. "I say it
repeatedly that these words rasul and mursal
and nabi undoubtedly occur about me in my
revelation from God, but they do not bear their real
meanings. And just as they do not, similarly the
Promised Messiah being called nabi in Hadith,
is not meant in a real sense. This is the knowledge
which God has given me. Let him understand, who will.
This very thing has been disclosed to me that the
doors of real prophethood are fully closed after the Khatam
al-anbiya, the Holy Prophet Muhammad. According
to the real meaning, no new or ancient prophet can
now come." (Siraj Munir, March
1897, p. 3)
He says that no prophet,
new or old, can come after the Holy Prophet Muhammad, and
so the Promised Messiah being called as nabi in
the Hadith prophecy must be taken metaphorically as
denoting a muhaddas.
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