The
doctrines of spiritual advancement expounded by the
Sufis, as explained above, have their foundations in
verses 24:55 and 66:11--12 of the Holy Quran. Hadith,
too, provides the ground for these ideas, as shown below.
The Holy Prophet Muhammad said:
``There is not one
prophet but a like of him is to be found among my
followers. Abu Bakr is like Abraham, Umar is like
Moses, Uthman is like Aaron, and Ali is like me. He
who wishes to see Jesus, let him look at Abu Zarr
Ghaffari.''
(Kanz
al-Ummal, vol. vi, p. 193)
``He who likes to see
Jesus in terms of piety, let him see Abu Darda.''
(quoted
in Mansab-i Imamat, a famous book by Sayyid
Ismail Shaheed; see also Kanz al-Ummal, vol.
vi, p. 169)
``He who likes to see
Abraham in his tender-heartedness, let him see Abu
Bakr in his kindness. He who likes to see Noah in his
firmness, let him see Umar in his bravery. He who
likes to see Enoch in his exaltation, let him see
Uthman in his mercy. He who likes to see John the
Baptist in his devotions, let him see Ali in his
state of purity.''
(Kanz
al-Ummal, collection of Hadith, vol. vi, p. 161)
``The earth shall
never lack forty men who are the likes of Abraham, on
account of whom you shall be given water and aid, and
sustenance. The Majma` al-Zawa'id says that
this saying has sound authorities.''
(Al-Khabr
al Dal, by Imam Sayuti)
``Dahya al-Kalbi
resembles Gabriel, Urwah ibn Masud Thaqfi resembles
Jesus, and Abdul Uzza resembles the Anti-Christ.''
(Kanz
al-Ummal, vol. vi, p. 173)
``Among the servants
of God, there are three hundred whose hearts are like
Adam's heart, forty whose hearts are like Moses'
heart, seven whose hearts are like Abraham's heart,
five whose hearts are like Gabriel's heart, three
whose hearts are like [the angel] Michael's heart,
and one whose heart is like [the angel] Israfil's
heart.''
(Al-Khabr
al-Dal by Imam Suyuti, p. 15; see also Kanz
al-Ummal, vol. vi, p. 239).
(See
also Anne Marie Schimmel's Mystical Dimensions of
Islam, p. 202, which mentions that the name of
Jesus has also been added to this list in another
version.)
``The Ulama are the
heirs of the prophets.''
(Sunan
Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Ilm, ch. 1: `Excellence of
knowledge'.)
``The Shaikh
[spiritual leader] among his followers is like the
prophet among his nation.''
(This
hadith has also been quoted in Mystical Dimensions
of Islam, on p. 101 and p. 237.)
``The Ulama of this
nation deserve to be alongside the prophets in
rank.''
(quoted
by Ibn Arabi in his Futuhat Makkiyya, p. 570)
``The righteous Ulama
of this nation are heirs to the ranks of prophets.''
(ibid.)
``The Ulama of my
nation are like the Israelite prophets.''
``The Ulama of this
nation are like the prophets of all the nations of
the world.''
Among the Muslims
there shall be ``men who are spoken to by God,
without being prophets''.
(Bukhari,
book 62, ch. 6)
``The Ulama are the
lights of the earth, and the successors of the
prophets, and heirs to me and the other prophets.''
(Kanz
al-Ummal, vol. v, p. 201)
Hence, it
is quite allowable to liken non-prophets to prophets, as
the Holy Prophet Muhammad himself likened those who were
not prophets to prophets.
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